“You” Avoidance

The use of second person pronouns is one of the most difficult areas of Indonesian.  Even the few tentative steps we are starting to take at this point present fairly formidable, prickly, subtle difficulties.

If it is any consolation, you might be interested to know that Indonesians themselves often put the choice of the right pronoun into the too hard basket. In fact, very often people will go through some fairly spectacular contortions (verbal contortions, that is) to avoid altogether using a word for “you”, especially if they are in doubt about whether to be casual or formal with the person they are talking to.

You have already met an instance of “you-avoidance” in the greeting Mau ke mana? Other similar phrases are Tinggal di mana? (Where do you live?), Mau makan apa? (What would you like to eat?), Turun di mana? (Where are you getting off?). A slightly bizarre variant of this, but also very common, is the substitution of the more neutral third-person pronoun -nya for the second person pronoun. Thus you will hear people say, for example, Rumahnya di mana?(Where is your house?) or Anaknya berapa? (How many children do you have), and evenNamanya siapa? (What is your name?)

 

About author
German philologist Uli Kozok rocked the world of ancient linguistics and history in Indonesia when he discovered an ancient Malay manuscript in Kerinci, Jambi, in 2002. He is now associate Professor at the Department of Hawaiian and Indo-Pacific Languages and Literature at the University of Hawaii in Manoa.

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