Lagi and Sedang
‘Lagi’ (commonly) and ‘sedang’ indicate action in progress in colloquial Indonesian.
| Formal Form | Colloquial Form | Meaning |
| Saya sedang bosan mengajar. Kebetulan dia sedang makan di situ. Waktu itu saya sedang tidak ada. Saya mendatangi dosen itu lagi. |
Gua lagi bosen ngajar. Kebetulan dia lagi makan di situ. Waktu itu gua lagi nggak ada. Gue datengin lagi itu dosen. |
I’m bored with teaching. He happened to be eating there. At the time I wasn’t there. I approached that lecturer again. |
Udah and Sudah
‘Udah’ is the colloquial form of ‘sudah’ in formal Indonesian. These words indicate that an action has occurred or that a state has been achieved.
Sekarang gua udah punya duit.
Now I have money.
Bakal, Bakalan
These words indicate a future event.
| Formal Form | Colloquial Form | Meaning |
| Saya pikir saya tidak akan lulus. Kelihatannya Megawati akan menggantikan Gus Dur. |
Gua pikir gua nggak bakal lulus. Keliatannya Megawati bakalan gantiin Gus Dur. |
I thought I’m not going to pass. It seems that Megawati will replace Gus Dur. |
Reference: Colloquial Jakartan Indonesian by James Neil Sneddon, 2006
