‘Oleh‘ marks the agent of a passive verb and the agent attribute in a noun phrase. It can sometimes follow an intransitive verb. It can also occur with an adjective predicate(being synonymous with ‘dengan'(with).
| Buku itu ditulis oleh adik saya. | The book was written by my brother. |
|---|---|
| Dia tewas oleh ledakan bom. | He died as a result of explosion. |
| Pasar penuh sesak oleh orang yang datang untuk harga khusus. | The market was packed with people who came for the bargain. |